Dorothea Lange: Capturing the Reality of the Great Depression and the New Deal Era

Dorothea Lange created some of America’s most enduring and influential images as she documented the reality of the Great Depression in the 1930s and early 40s for the Farm Security Administration. Featured in government publications, printed on postage stamps, and used by social activists, Lange’s photographs helped define the era and the emerging field of photojournalism. This paper examines Lange’s motives and process as she tried to capture her subjects’ most intimate moments without exploiting their lives. It draws on Lange’s field notebooks and interviews and surveys the existing body of scholarship to assess how Lange’s life impacted her work and how her work impacted both documentary photography and America’s historical memory

Dorothea Lange: Capturing the Reality of the Great Depression and New Deal Era

Dorothea Lange’s training in traditional pictoralist photography combined with her growing passion for documentary photography allowed her work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA) during the Great Depression and New Deal era to tell the stories of suffering Americans. While most well-known for her image entitled Migrant Mother, Lange’s work focused on representing her subject(s) with dignity and pride no matter the conditions surrounding them. Lange’s attention to creating authentic images and detailed field notes recorded conditions of migrant famers in the west and sharecroppers in the southwest. Her unique approach to the open ended FSA assignments allowed the FSA to use Lange’s photographs as evidence for the need to remedy the effects of the Great Depression through New Deal programs

Avid tutor training: Strengthening connections between field experience and coursework

Advancement via Individual Determination (AVID) is a national college preparation program that seeks to help students who have the potential to attend college but need extra support and access to resources. This project explores the current connection between the Harrisonburg City Public Schools (HCPS) AVID program and the JMU Middle and Secondary Education teacher candidates placed in AVID classrooms for an undergraduate field experience. Overall, this project seeks to better prepare and improve the effectiveness of JMU students serving as AVID tutors. After reviewing the current training as well as anonymous end of semester course reflections from MSSE 371 students, a voluntary survey was sent to students who had completed the course to gather data on tutor confidence and to identify training weaknesses. To provide a more comprehensive training, modules were created by incorporating student feedback from the course reflections and survey responses as well as utilizing information and resources gained from AVID summer training. The new training consists of four modules; Introduction to AVID, Harrisonburg City Public Schools Logistics, AVID Tutorials and AVID strategies

Visuospatial analysis of the printed word

Aphasic individuals often lose the ability to analyze written information phonetically because of left hemisphere damage experienced through cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or head trauma. In this study, aphasic and normal adults demonstrated use of a right hemisphere visuospatial strategy to analyze printed whole words and word parts such as prefixes and suffixes. The performances of the two groups were similar, suggesting that the hypothesized strategy could be useful as a reading approach for aphasics.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/25077/1/0000508.pd

Super sites for advancing understanding of the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers

© The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Clayson, C. A., Centurioni, L., Cronin, M. F., Edson, J., Gille, S., Muller-Karger, F., Parfitt, R., Riihimaki, L. D., Smith, S. R., Swart, S., Vandemark, D., Boas, A. B. V., Zappa, C. J., & Zhang, D. Super sites for advancing understanding of the oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers. Marine Technology Society Journal, 55(3), (2021): 144–145, https://doi.org/10.4031/MTSJ.55.3.11.Air‐sea interactions are critical to large-scale weather and climate predictions because of the ocean's ability to absorb excess atmospheric heat and carbon and regulate exchanges of momentum, water vapor, and other greenhouse gases. These exchanges are controlled by molecular, turbulent, and wave-driven processes in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers. Improved understanding and representation of these processes in models are key for increasing Earth system prediction skill, particularly for subseasonal to decadal time scales. Our understanding and ability to model these processes within this coupled system is presently inadequate due in large part to a lack of data: contemporaneous long-term observations from the top of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) to the base of the oceanic mixing layer. We propose the concept of “Super Sites” to provide multi-year suites of measurements at specific locations to simultaneously characterize physical and biogeochemical processes within the coupled boundary layers at high spatial and temporal resolution. Measurements will be made from floating platforms, buoys, towers, and autonomous vehicles, utilizing both in-situ and remote sensors. The engineering challenges and level of coordination, integration, and interoperability required to develop these coupled ocean‐atmosphere Super Sites place them in an “Ocean Shot” class.NOAA CVP TPOS, Understanding Processes Controlling Near-Surface Salinity in the Tropical Ocean Using Multiscale Coupled Modeling and Analysis, NA18OAR4310402 to CAC and JE. NSF Award PLR-1425989 and OPP-1936222, Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) to SG. NOAA, BOEM, ONR, NSF, NOPP, NASA Applied Sciences Office, Biodiversity & Ecological Forecasting Program; National Science Foundation (Co-PI J. Pearlman); OceanObs Research Coordination Network (OCE-1728913) to FM-K. NASA, SWOT program, Award # 80NSSC20K1136 to ABVB. NSF, Investigating the Air-Sea Energy Exchange in the presence of Surface Gravity Waves by Measurements of Turbulence Dissipation, Production and Transport, OCE 17-56839; NSF, A Multi-Spectral Thermal Infrared Imaging System for Air-Sea Interaction Research, OCE 20-23678; NSF, Investigating the Relationship Between Ocean Surface Gravity–Capillary Waves, Surface-Layer Hydrodynamics, and Air–Sea Momentum Flux, OCE 20-49579 to CJZ. Partially funded by NOAA/Climate Program Office and the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA15OAR4320063 to DZ

Mutant Versions of the S. cerevisiae Transcription Elongation Factor Spt16 Define Regions of Spt16 That Functionally Interact with Histone H3

In eukaryotic cells, the highly conserved FACT (FAcilitates Chromatin Transcription) complex plays important roles in several chromatin-based processes including transcription initiation and elongation. During transcription elongation, the FACT complex interacts directly with nucleosomes to facilitate histone removal upon RNA polymerase II (Pol II) passage and assists in the reconstitution of nucleosomes following Pol II passage. Although the contribution of the FACT complex to the process of transcription elongation has been well established, the mechanisms that govern interactions between FACT and chromatin still remain to be fully elucidated. Using the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model system, we provide evidence that the middle domain of the FACT subunit Spt16 – the Spt16-M domain – is involved in functional interactions with histone H3. Our results show that the Spt16-M domain plays a role in the prevention of cryptic intragenic transcription during transcription elongation and also suggest that the Spt16-M domain has a function in regulating dissociation of Spt16 from chromatin at the end of the transcription process. We also provide evidence for a role for the extreme carboxy terminus of Spt16 in functional interactions with histone H3. Taken together, our studies point to previously undescribed roles for the Spt16 M-domain and extreme carboxy terminus in regulating interactions between Spt16 and chromatin during the process of transcription elongation

Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) V6

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (>100 contributors). SOCAT version 6 has 23.4 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations from 1957 to 2017 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Calibrated sensor data are also available. Automation allows annual, public releases. SOCAT data is discoverable, accessible and citable. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT represents a milestone in biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy